General
German(德语) is one of the main cultural languages of the Western world, spoken by approximately 100 million people. It is the national language of both Germany and Austria. and is one of the four official languages of Switzerland. Additionally it is spoken in eastern France, in the region formerly known as Alsace-Lorraine, in northern Italy in the region of Alto Adige, and also in eastern Belgium, Luxembourg, and the principality of Liechtenstein. There are about one and a half million speakers of German in the United States, 500,000 in Canada and sizable colonies as well in South America and such far-flung countries as Namibia and Kazakhstan.china3view
Like the other Germanic languages, German is a member of the Indo-European family. Written German is quite uniform but spoken dialects vary considerably, sometimes to the point where communication becomes a problem. The dialects fall within two general divisions: High German (Hochdeutsch), spoken in the highlands of the south, and Low German (Plattdeutsch), spoken in the lowlands of the north. High German is the standard written language, used almost exclusively in books and newspapers, even in the regions where Low German is more commonly spoken. Low German sounds more like English and Dutch, as may be seen by such words as Door (door—High German: Tür), and eten (to eat—High German: essen).
Traditionally German was written in a Gothic style known as Fraktur, which dates from the 14th century. In the period following World War II, however, Fraktur was largely superseded by the Roman characters used throughout the rest of Western Europe. The Roman script contains only one additional letter, the ß or double s, which is used only in the lower case. The letter j is pronounced y (e.g., ja—yes), v is pronounced f (vier—four), and w is pronounced v (weiss—white). Diphthongs include sch, pronounced sh (Schnee—snow); st, pro-nounced sht (Strasse—street) sp, pronounced shp (sprechen—to speak). The only diacritical mark is the umlaut, which appears over the letters a, o, and u (Rücken—back). German is the only language in which all nouns begin with a capital letter.china3view
Since English is a Germanic language, it is not surprising to find a high degree of similarity in the vocabulary of the two languages. Finger, Hand, Butter, Ring, Name, warm, and blind are German words mean-mg exactly what they do in English. Other words that are very similar to their English counterparts are Vater (father), Mutter (mother), Freund (friend), Gott (God), Licht (light), Wasser (water), Feuer (fire), Silber (silver), Brot (bread), Milch (milk), Fisch (fish), Apfel (apple), Buch (book), gut (good), alt (old), kalt (cold), and blau (blue). More recent German borrowings in English are schnitzel, sauerkraut, pumpernickel, kindergarten, dachshund, poodle, yodel, lager, ersatz, edelweiss, meerschaum, wanderlust, hinterland, and blitzkrieg. The words frankfurter and hamburger come from the German cities of Frankfurt and Hamburg respectively.
The word for German in other languages takes many different forms. In German itself it is deutsch, in Spanish alemán, in Italian tedesco, in the Scandinavian languages tysk, and in Russian nemetsky.
German is spoken/used in the following countries: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Guatemala, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Namibia, Romania, Switzerland, United States of America.
External Links:
http://german.about.com/
http://www.dedecn.com/
http://www.uni.edu/becker/German2.html
http://www.isu.edu/~nickcrai/german.html Many links about German, recommended
http://www.ualberta.ca/~german/Jump_Stations.html
Following information is from: http://www.mydede.com/news/view.asp?id=3581
德语德国网站
http://www.dedecn.com
德奥德语网站
http://www.mydede.com/
跟我学德语
http://german.learningwithme.com
中国德语界
http://www.germancn.com
Deutsche Grammatik on-line
http://www.udoklinger.de/Grammatik/inhalt.htm
德国之声的德语学习资料
http://www.dw-world.de/chinese/0,3367,2583,00.html
Learn German - Deutsch lernen
http://www.golukas.de/
德语在线
http://www.deutsch-online.com/
介绍欧元知识
http://www.euro.ecb.int/de.html
Forum Deutsch als Fremdsprache - Deutsch lehren und lernen mit dem Internet
http://www.deutsch-als-fremdsprache.de/daf-uebungen/
Deutschlernen im Medienverbund - Forum STUFEN INTERNATIONAL
http://www.stufen.de/
Studienkolleg TU Darmstadt - Projekt i-cal - übungsliste
http://www.stk.tu-darmstadt.de/jcal/index.htm
übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/
germanistik.net Internet Resources for Germanists Startseite (und Autoren-Links)
http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/german/irfg/
德语语法
http://members.aol.com/habikon/losgehts.htm
Interdeutsch-neu
http://interdeutsch.de/
练习1
http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de...chreibtest.html
UDO G. KLINGER - Inhalt
http://members.aol.com/UdoKlinger/Inhalt.html
Kompass Deutsch 2 Dingsbums Online德语练习http://www.dlc.fi/~pohalone/kompass2/index.html
听力练习
http://www.stufen.de/material/test.htm
übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/
歌德学院
http://www.goethe.de
http://www.passwort-deutsch.de/lernen/
http://www.dshuni.de/
http://www.themen-neu.de/
http://www.vtuner.com/ 在线电台
lina und leo－－歌德学院的在线学习的东东，周游德国的15个城市
http://www.goethe.de/z/50/linaleo/mainmen2.htm
http://punktde.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
http://german.about.com
上外网
http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/
德语园地
http://language.cn.tom.com/german/index.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/german/lj/
德国概况
http://www.germany-info.org
城市概况
http://www.city.net/countries/germany
德国大学指南
http://www.hochschulkompass.hrk.de/
一个青年旅馆的网址
http://www.djh.de/
德国政治相关站点
http://www.bundesrat.de 联邦议院和参议院
http://www.bundespraesident.de 总统介绍
http://www.bundesregierung.de 德国政府
http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de 德国外交部
http://www.bundestag.de 德国议会
http://www.cdu.de 基督教民主联盟
http://www.csu.de 基督教社会联盟 china3view
http://www.liberale.de 自由民主党
http://www.spd.de 社会民主党
http://www.pds-online.de 民主社会主义党
http://www.gruene.de 绿党90
http://www.wahlatlas.de 1949年以来的大选资料
http://www.statistik-bund.de 德国联邦统计局
http://www.bundeswehr.de 国防部
http://www.umweltbundesamt.de 环境部
http://www.bmbf.de 教育科研部
http://www.dtbotschaftpeki.org.cn 德国驻华使馆
德国文化、教育、科技相关网站
http://www.infas.de 德国民意测验数据
http://www.germany-live.de 德国新闻，商业，运动和文化信息
http://www.dent.hes-mu.urn.de 慕尼黑的德国博物馆
http://www.dhm.de 艺术和工艺站点
http://www.filmfest-berlin.de 柏林电影节
http://spielfilm.de 德国电影
http://www.bier.de 啤酒
http://www.germanwine.de 德国葡萄酒
http://www.sport.de 体育报道
http://www.sportschau.de ARD体育新闻
http://www.dsf.de 德国体育电视台
http://www.top-info.de/thein/fussball/buliga.html 德甲赛况
http://www.avh.de 洪堡基金
http://www.daad.de 德国学术交流中心
http://www.goethe.de 歌德学院
http://www.ebis.de/center 留德信息服务中心
http://www.dino-online.de/seiten/ge02u.htm 德国大学名录
http://www.hochschuIkompass.hrk.de德国大学校长联席会议提供的大学指南
http://www.forum-deutsch.de 德语论坛
http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de 造型艺术学校：鲍豪斯
http://www.wissenschaft.de（科学画报）网刊
http://www.gmd.de 国际信息技术研究中心
http://www.spektrum.de 科学技术杂志《光谱》
http://www.fhg.de 德国最大的应用科学研究组织
http://www.themen-neu.de/ Themen-new是德国比较著名的德语教材之一,这是他们的网站.
http://www.quickdic.de 一个下载德英词典的网址
http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/O ... brary/index.de.html科研信息索引，提供大量与科研机构的链接
德国历史相关网站
http://www.geschichte.2me.net 德国历史
http://kaiserreich.home.Pages.de 德意志帝国史
http://www.hdg.de 德国当代史（1945年至今）
http://www.dhm.de 德国历史博物馆
http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/cl/de 历史学网上图书馆
德国新闻媒体相关网站
http://www.dpa.de 德新社
http://www.ard.de 德国电视一台
http://www.zdf.de 德国电视二台
http://www.dwelle.de 德国之声
http://www.rtl.de RTL电视台 china3view
http://www.satl.de Satl电视台
http://www.focus.de《焦点》杂志
http://www.spiegel.de《明镜》周刊
http://www.welt.de《世界报》
德国网站搜索引擎
http://www.aladin.de
http://www.allesklar.de
http://www.altavista.com
http://www.appollo7.de
http://www.austronaut.ims.at
http://www.crawler.de
http://www.dino-online.de
http://www.eule.de
http://www.fireball.de
http://www.infoseek.com
http://www.intersearch.de
http://www.kolibri.de
http://www.lycos.com
http://www.metager.de
http://www.nathan.de
http://www.papaerball.de（可查询和访问德国所有上网的报纸网址）
http://www.sharelook.de
http://www.spider.de
http://www.web.de
http://www.yahoo.com
http://www.harenberglexikon.de（提供德国和国际政治、经济等各领域新词汇解释）
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国内德语网站
http://www.schanghai.com 上海德台
http://www.ild.com/demos/german/index.shtml
http://dwelt.home.dhs.org
http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/dwelt/
http://bioinfo.tongji.edu.cn/dwelt/
Babylon词典国内下载 http://202.120.189.84/dwelt/down.php?chan=soft&chan1=dict 或 http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/dwe ... soft&chan1=dict
一个介绍中国文化和新闻的网站
http://web12.cri.com.cn/germany/
非常好的◎德--英◎在线翻译网站china3view
http://dict.tu-chemnitz.de/dings.cgi
上外的德语学习资料
http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/
一个查找口语Partner的地方
适合任何国家的语言学习者 http://speak2speak.de
TOM的德语聊天室
http://chat.tom.com/chat/
很不错的德汉在线字典
http://balder.prohosting.com/~zidian
卡尔斯鲁厄大学的dsh考试及Aufnahmepruefung
http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~sk/daf_f.html
网上百科全书-德语解释德语
http://www.netlexikon.akademie.de/query
介绍德国历史/欧洲历史的德文网站
http://geschichtsverein.koengen.de/DtGesch.htm
http://www.hdg.de/
http://www.fln.vcu.edu/menu.html
http://www.geschi.de/webkatalog/deutschege/index.shtml
http://www.derweg.org/mwgesch/degeschtoc.html
http://www.deutschland.de/p_thema.php?lang=1&thema=58
http://www.nexusboard.net/index.php3?siteid=332
http://www.e-papyrus.de/index_home.html
http://212.227.232.60/slawen/
http://www.napoleon-online.de/
http://www.napoleon-online.de/
http://www.dfg.de/aktuelles_pres ... nstaltungen/damals/
http://www.geschi.de/
http://www.geschichtsforum.de/community/
http://www.documentarchiv.de/
http://dict.leo.org/
一个很不错的在线德英词典china3view
介绍中国茶的德语网站！
http://www.rdandt.com/german/index.html
http://www.benjowskitea.de/china/teehaus.htm
http://www.teebuch.de/
网上德语课堂
http://www.gdufs.edu.cn/xiyu/gwtourdt/course/nr/index.htm
